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The Grand Orient of Italy (GOI; (イタリア語:Grande Oriente d'Italia)) is a masonic organization based at Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1805, during the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy; the viceroy Eugene of Beauharnais was instrumental in its establishment.〔"Nel 1805 fu costituito il Grande Oriente d’Italia." Tran. "In 1805 the Grand Orient of Italy was founded." (La storia 1805-1860 ), from the (GOI Official website )〕 The current grand master is Stefano Bisi, an Italian journalist. the grand lodge had 21,400 adherents in 757 lodges. Past grand masters included: *Giuseppe Garibaldi,〔(Garibaldi — the mason ) Translated from ''Giuseppe Garibaldi Massone'' by the Grand Orient of Italy〕 *Adriano Lemmi, *the sculptor Ettore Ferrari,〔Entry “Giuseppe Mazzini” in (Volume III K – P ) of ''10,000 Famous Freemasons'', William R. Denslow, 1957, Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co., Inc.〕 *the mayor of Rome Ernesto Nathan〔(Ernesto Nathan ), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition〕 Freemasonry was suppressed by Mussolini in 1925, being restarted after the Second World War.〔(Centuries of Secrecy ), ''Time'', June 8, 1981〕 In 1972 it was recognised as regular by the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE).〔(What was the P2 Lodge? ), Anti-masonry Frequently Asked Questions, (Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon )〕 This is no longer the case, and the Regular Grand Lodge of Italy is the grand lodge now recognized by the UGLE.〔() UGLE: Recognised Grand Lodges in Europe〕 Most North American grand lodges, on the other hand, still recognize the Grand Orient. Propaganda Due, the lodge that investigative journalists have identified as being implicated in the murder of Roberto Calvi, was originally chartered by the Grand Orient. The Grand Orient revoked its charter in 1974.〔 Prior to Gustavo Raffi's grand mastership two terms of five years was the maximum tenure for a grand master. This, however was changed during Raffi's time, and his three-term grand mastership which began in 1999 ended in 2014.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grand Orient of Italy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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